Cambridge
Massachusetts is a private research university. in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States was founded in 1861, MIT has adopted the European university model and emphasized polytechnic education in applied science and engineering laboratory. Researchers of World War II during the Cold War and the computer worked on radar and inertial guidance. James Killian faculty and campus under the post-war defense research has contributed to rapid expansion. The current 168-acre (68.0 ha) campus opened in 1916 on the northern bank of the Charles River basin and 1 mile (1.6 km) stretches.
MIT, with a total of five schools and universities contains 32 sections, are often considered to be among the best universities in the world. Institute of traditional physical sciences and engineering research and education and recognized for its recent biology, economics, and management as well as linguistics. "Engineers" sponsor 31 sports, most teams in NCAA Division III, the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference competition; Division I rowing programs compete as part EARC and EAWRC.
As of 2015, 85 Nobel laureates, 52 National Medal of Science recipients, 65 Marshall Scholars, 45 Rhodes Scholars, 38 MacArthur Fellows, 34 astronauts and two Fields Medal is attached MIT. The school has a strong entrepreneurial culture, and founded by MIT alumni rank as the eleventh largest economy in the world aggregate income of the companies.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Establishment and vision
1.2 Early developments
1.3 Curriculum reform
1.4 Defense Research
1.5 Recent history
2 Campus
2.1 Architecture
2.2 Housing
3 organization and management
4 Academic
4.1 Degree program
4.2 Degree program
4.3 University rankings
4.4 Collaborations
4.5 Libraries, collections and museums
4.6 Research
5 Traditions and student activities
5.1 Operations
5.2 Athletics
6 People
6.1 Students
6.2 Faculty and staff
6.3 Graduates
7 See also
8 References
8.1 Explanatory notes
8.2 Citations
8.3 References
9 External links
History
Main article: History of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Foundations and vision
".... Art, progress with regard to agriculture, development and practical application of science to help schools produce industrial science and commerce."
- Act to Incorporate the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1861 act, chapter 183
MIT mechanical drawing studio, 19th century showing the stereo graphics card (E. L. Allen photo left, right / reverse)
Original Rogers Hall, Back Bay, Boston, 19th century
In 1859, a proposal, a "Science and Arts Conservatory" back to the Bay, Boston was submitted to the Massachusetts General Court to use the new packed soil, but the proposal failed. On April 10, 1861 by William Barton Rogers a proposal signed by the governor of Massachusetts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a charter for inclusion.
Rogers, a professor of the University of Virginia, wanted to establish an institution to handle rapid scientific and technological developments. He did not want to found a professional school, but a combination of both professional and liberal education elements, it proposes:
A Polytechnic real and not just practical objects Ben minute details and only the manipulation of art made in the workshop, teaching the women, but the suggestion that the scientific principles underlying and explaining them and complete all the leading processes and procedures that together in conjunction with physical laws and methodical review .
Rogers Plan oriented around seminars and laboratories engaged in independent research, emphasizing education as well as instructions reflected the German research university model.
Early developments
a 1905 map of the campus of MIT in Boston
Two days after the lease is given, the first battle of the Civil War erupted. After a long delay during the war years, MIT's first classes 1865.Th new institute held at the Trade Hall in Boston "to finance institutions of liberal and encouraging practical training Morrill Land-Grant industrial classes established under the Colleges Act" and the land grant was school. In 1863, under the same act, Massachusetts Commonwealth of Massachusetts Amherst University of Massachusetts Agricultural College developed as established. In 1866, revenues derived from sales of land in the Back Bay went toward new buildings.
MIT informal "Boston Tech," he called. European polytechnic institute has adopted the university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. Despite chronic financial problems, under the institute president, Francis Amasa Walker last two decades of the 19th century saw growth. electrical, chemical, water and sanitary engineering programs, new buildings were built, launched, and the size of the student body has risen to more than one thousand.
Theoretical science curriculum focusing less emphasis drifted a profession. the fledgling school leadership attention MIT still suffered chronic financial difficulties. This "in Boston Tech" year, MIT faculty and alumni of Harvard University's president (and former MIT faculty) to merge MIT with Harvard College Lawrence Scientific School, Charles W. Eliot was rejected repeated attempts. absorbed [35] would be at least six attempts at Harvard MIT. [Its cramped location in the Back Bay, MIT, in a desperate search for a new campus and finance, driving the crowd could not afford to expand its facilities. At the end of the MIT Corporation MIT faculty, students and graduates, despite strong opposition, it approved a formal agreement to merge with Harvard. However, the decision by the Judicial Court of Massachusetts in 1917 put an end to an effective merger plan.
MIT anonymous help maintain independence, "Mr. Smith" appeared as George Eastman, founder of Eastman Kodak, building plaque honoring 6
In 1916, to specify the MIT administration and MIT statute extent Cambridge side of the broad movement new campus MIT formed landfill on the road a mile long along bucentaur built on the occasion of ceremonial barge Charles River crossed the Charles River. neoclassical "New Technology" campus began in 1912, in January 1920. "Mr. Smith," William W. designed by Bosworth and largely funded by a mysterious anonymous donation to the donor George Eastman has emerged that industrial film production and processing methods were invented in Rochester, New York City, and Eastman Kodak founded. Between 1912 and 1920, Eastman Kodak MIT cash and stock in a $ 20 million (2015 USD $ 236.2 million) was donated.
curriculum reform
In the 1930s President Karl Taylor Compton and Vice-President (effectively Provost) Vannevar Bush stressed the importance of pure science like physics and chemistry and shops, and reduced draft the necessary professional studio applications. Compton reforms "to develop leadership in science as well as engineering capabilities Institute of renewed confidence." Unlike the Ivy League schools, MIT middle-class families more food and drink, and my money was tied more on donations or grants for their funding. School was named the Association of American Universities in 1934.
Still, as late as 1949, the Lewis Committee, "the Institute was designed as a common basis in a vocational school," he lamented in his report on the educational situation at MIT, the committee wanted a "partially unfair" to change perceptions. The comprehensive report, which recommended a broad review of the undergraduate curriculum and training in engineering and warned against allowing state-funded research and detract from the natural sciences. Literature, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences and Management MIT Sloan School of Science and Engineering School was founded in 1950 with strong competition. Previously economics, management, faculty of political science and linguistics attracting marginal competitive respected professors and graduate programs and launching ambitious part appeared tacky. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Faculty of the more humanistic focus Presidents Howard W. Johnson and Jerome Wiesner between 1980 and 1966 continued to flourish under successive terms.
defense research
MIT's involvement in military research has increased during World War II. In 1941, Vannevar Bush, the federal Office of Scientific Research and Development has been appointed to the presidency and not just a select group of universities, including MIT, the financing was directed. British military in developing countries to help engineers and scientists in general microwave radar man Founded in 1940, the MIT Radiation Laboratory was collected. There is considerable work done battle and subsequent research in the region has affected both. Other defense projects and gyroscope-based Charles Stark Draper's Instrumentation Laboratory under the gun-sight, including bomb-sight and other complex control systems for inertial navigation; [54] [55] The development of a digital computer for flight simulations under Project Whirlwind; and high-speed and high-altitude photography under Harold Edgerton. At the end of the war, MIT alone Radiation Laboratory nearly 4,000 jobs and over 1946 Work ago $ 100 million (2015 USD $ 1.2 billion) to take in excess of the country's biggest war in R & D contractor (attracting Bush some criticism) was defense projects even after that time continued. After the war ballistic missile and Project Apollo, including government-supported research at MIT SAGE and guidance systems.
"... Defined as a university educational institutions is a special type of science, engineering and art polarized around. We are limited in breadth and thoroughness with which the target objective of this work but you can call an unlimited college."
- MIT President James Rhyne Killian 1949
These activities were deeply affected MIT. The increased emphasis on military research significant contribution Though considered a 1949 report, "academic peace in the years before the war" and remember to match the return peacetime "any major in the tempo Institute in the life of relaxation," said the lack of graduate on training and personnel and facilities of rapid growth. Faculty and graduate student body doubled Karl Taylor Compton in 1930 and five times in the period between 1948 and president of MIT; James Rhyne Killian, president of 1948 1957; and whose corporate strategy formulation Julius Adams Stratton, 1952 1957 chancellor, in the form of expanding the university. By the 1950s, MIT now only took advantage of the industry with which he worked for three years and the new boss, charitable foundations and had developed close working relationships with the federal government.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, student and faculty activists Vietnam War protest against and Concerned Scientists and MIT's defense research.th Union for military research emphasis shift seeking faculty and students was established on 4 March 1969 a meeting of environmental and social problems. MIT ultimately divested itself against Instrumentation Laboratory and moved all secret research campus protests in the Lincoln Laboratory facility in 1973. student body, faculty and administration turbulent time for many universities. What was not during remained relatively polarized [Johnson leading institutions has been shown to be extremely successful, "great strength and unity" in disarray after this time.
Recent history
MIT Media Lab researchers developing novel uses of computer technology are housed. An extension designed by Fumihiko Maki opened in March 2010 (photo right) and I. M. 1982 building designed by Pei, is shown here.
MIT has invented feet and has helped to advance the digital age. prior to the development of modern computing technology and project MAC, students, staff and faculty members of the network, as well as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and Tech Model Railroad Club Space early summer war video games such as interactive computer! and it creates a very modern pirate slang and culture. Several major computer-related organizations originated at MIT since the 1980s, Richard Stall man's GNU Project and the Free Software Foundation in the next Lab was founded in the mid-1980s; MIT Media Lab to promote research into new uses of computer technology by Nicholas Negroponte and Jerome Wiesner was founded in 1985; World Wide Web Consortium standards organization by Tim Burners-Lee Laboratory of Computer Science was founded in 1994; OpenCourseWare project Since 2002, wages have more than 2,000 MIT classes online free course materials; One Laptop per Child initiative computer education to children worldwide was launched in 2005 to expand and link.
MIT was named a sea oceanography and marine science grant college in 1976 to support its programs and was named a space-grant college in 1989 to support aviation and space programs. Despite diminishing government financial support over the past quarter century, MIT launched several successful development campaigns to significantly expand the campus: new dormitories and athletics buildings on west campus; Tang Management Training Center; biology, brain and cognitive sciences, genomics, biotechnology, and cancer research, supporting research into various buildings on the northeast corner of the campus; and new on Vassar Street including the Stata Center "back lot" a number of buildings. In the northwest building on campus in the 2000s Media Lab, Sloan School campus expansions, including eastern and graduate housing. In 2006, President began Hock field MIT Energy Research Council to investigate the challenges created by inter-disciplinary increasing global energy consumption.
In 2001, inspired by the open source and open access movement, though without any formal accreditation for MIT, no fee online available its course the vast majority of lecture notes, problem sets, curriculum, launched OpenCourseWare to examination and course completed. Although the project support and hosting costs are high, in 2005, it extended the OCW currently covers at least with content in six languages with more than 250 academic institutions OpenCourseWare Consortium, to include other universities as part of. In 2011, in exchange for a modest fee MIT, his "mıtx" program, online course completion certificate of official participants (only credit or degrees) it announced that it would lead. supporting mıtx "EDX" an online platform initially like Harvard and "Harvard x" was developed jointly by the initiative. Of course ware platform is open source and other universities have already joined and added their course content.
Three days after the April 2013 attack on the Boston Marathon, the MIT campus patrol officer Sean Collier fatal day for the Boston metropolitan area and a very intense manhunt off the road, he was shot by the suspects. A week later, Collier memorial service in New England and Canada from thousands of police officers at a ceremony hosted by the MIT community, 10,000 people attended more than. On 25 November 2013, the MIT Collier announced Medal will be established to be given yearly "character and Officer Collier MIT community to an individual or group within the qualities exhibited in all areas of a member of the and life." more announcements "award recipient that future contributions to society, contributing to build bridges across professional boundaries, and that this excess will include continuous and those who want to perform selfless acts of kindness," he said.
campus
Main article: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Campus
In central and eastern sections of the MIT campus as seen on Massachusetts Avenue and the Charles River. The center of the Killian Kendall Square is the largest dome in the background court ministers.
Overlooking Killian Court MIT Building 10 and Great Dome
MIT's 168-acre (68.0 ha) encompasses a mile on the north side of the Charles River basin in the city about Cambridge campus. [5] campus, with most dormitories and student life facilities, is divided into western and eastern Massachusetts Avenue roughly half of the academic buildings. Smoot - MIT is known bridge is marked off in a non-standard unit of length are close to the Harvard Bridge. Kendall MBTA Red Line station at Kendall Square campus is located on the edge remote northeast. Cambridge neighborhoods surrounding MIT are a high-tech companies occupying both modern office and rehabilitated industrial buildings as well as a mixture of different socio-economic neighborhoods. MIT Cambridge City offers updated Kendall Square Initiative plan.
Each building at MIT (probably a W, N, E, or before NWA) has a number of assignments and most have a name. The country is known as Typically, it is referred to primarily by the number of academic and office buildings. Organization of building numbers roughly built for the original center cluster of Maclaurin building and the relative position of the building (north, west and east) corresponds. protection of buildings, providing a venue for many hackers Cambridge weather as well as the tunnel roof, floor, as well as through an extensive network of underground tunnels connects.
MIT's on-campus nuclear reactor [103] the most powerful university-based nuclear reactors in the United States is one. A densely populated importance of the reactor containment building has been controversial in the region, but MIT argues that well-secured. In 1999, Bill Gates was designed by architect Frank O. Gehry, "William H. Gates Building" for the construction of a computer laboratory has donated $ 20 million to MIT. Microsoft, while earlier had given the organization's financial support, it was the first personal donations received Gates. [one
Other notable campus facilities pressurized wind tunnel and design of ships and offshore structures has a towing tank for testing. MIT's campus-wide wireless network was completed in the fall of 2005 and the 9.4 million-square-foot campus (870,000 m2) consists of nearly 3,000 access points covering.
In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency Clean Water Act related to hazardous waste storage and disposal procedures and MIT filed a lawsuit for violating the Clean Air Act. MIT paying a $ 155,000 fine and launching three environmental projects settled the case. In connection with capital campaigns to expand the campus, the Institute is also extensively renovated existing buildings to improve energy efficiency. MIT subsidized public transport passes, and running alternative fuel campus shuttles campus electricity, heating and cooling requirements, it has taken steps to reduce the environmental impact of building a low-emission cogeneration plant that most services.
MIT Police, along with state and local governments during the period 2009-2011, forced sexual offenses 12, 6 robbery, aggravated assault 3, 164 thefts, arson and motor vehicle theft on campus in 1 case we investigated four case reports; Affecting about 22,000 students and staff of the society.
Architecture
State Center CSAIL, LIDS, and the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy houses
Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning at MIT School now has become the first in the United States and has a history of commissioning progressive buildings. The first building was built in 1916, it completed the Cambridge campus, sometimes after President Richard Maclaurin who oversaw its construction Institute "Maclaurin building" is called. less university - - US building designed by William Welles Bosworth, this imposing building is a first for an industry that was built of reinforced concrete. Bosworth design is influenced by the City Beautiful Movement in 1900 and the Pantheon-esque Great Dome housing Barker Engineering Library has hosted. The start of the Great Dome, Killian Court held every year, is to look at. friezes of the limestone clad buildings around Killian Court. Important scientists and philosophers are engraved with the names of [a] imposing Building 7 atrium at the entrance Infinite Corridor and along Massachusetts Avenue is regarded as the rest of the campus.
Alvar Aalto's Baker House (1947), Eero Saarinen's Chapel and the MIT Kresge Auditorium (1955), and I. M. Pei's Green, Dreyfus, Landau, and Wiesner buildings represent high forms of post-war modern architecture. Frank Gehry's Stata Center (2004), Steven Holl's Simmons Hall (2002), Charles Correa at Building 46 (2005) and Fumihiko Maki Media Lab Extension (2009) as more of the new buildings of classical architecture of Boston forward and contemporary examples It served as campus "stable architecture". These buildings have always been well received; In 2010, Princeton Review campuses are "tiny, unsightly, or both" is included in the list of twenty schools at MIT. [126]
Housing
Main article: Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Housing
Simmons Hall dormitory was completed in 2002
MIT undergraduate in one of the 12 undergraduate dormitory housing is guaranteed for four years. living on campus graduate student teachers, resident advisors and faculty Housemasters live-support and get counseling. housing assignments themselves, because the various social media made according to the preferences of different life can be sustained in the group of students; For example, Colleges, according to the Insider Guidelines of the 2010 Yale Daily News Staff, "MIT divided between East Campus and West Campus. An important feature of the East Campus has earned a reputation as a thriving counter culture," he said. MIT also has two apartment buildings on campus for married students and five dormitories for single graduate students, family.
Thirty-six MIT fraternities, sororities, and independent living groups (fsılgs) has an active Greek and co-op housing, including system. In 2015, all licenses 98% 20% 54% of the women who participated in the MIT-connected residential fraternities sororities living men were involved. Most fsılgs located there across the river and historic Back Bay due to the MIT campus on the east side of the river, which has a cluster of western face to face West Campus at the MIT community. There were many as 300 freshmen places like campus before fsılgs because Scott Krueger, after a new member in 1997 death of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, MIT in 2002, began to live in dormitory system all first class until 2002, after opening required did the new policy Simmons Hall will come into force .
Organization and management
Lobby 7 (77 Massachusetts Avenue) is regarded as the main entrance to the campus
MIT non-profit organization chartered as a corporation and a board known as the MIT Corporation owned and managed by specially appointed board of directors. The current board consists of selected 43 members for a five-year period, of which up to the age of 75 votes 25 life members, three elected officers (President, Treasurer and Secretary), and a member ex officio 4 ex (alumni association president, Massachusetts Governor Training Massachusetts Secretary and Massachusetts Chairman of the Supreme Judicial Court). Board Robert Millard, L-3 Communications Holdings, chaired by the installer. Company budget, new programs, degrees, and faculty approves presidential appointments and elect the President of the Institute and the university's teaching duties as CEO. MIT's endowment and other financial assets MIT Investment Management Company (mıtımco) called managed through a subsidiary. In 2011 9700000000 worth $ MIT donation is the sixth-largest among American colleges and universities.
MIT five schools (Science, Engineering, Architecture and Planning, Management and Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences) and one college (Health Sciences and Technology Whitaker College), but there are no schools of law or medicine. [B] while the school committee MIT curriculum, research, student life, and administrative claims control important on many fields, it is the school's dean of the department, to MIT 32 academic departments of each President of the reports who Presidential Provost delivery reports. In the space formerly President Susan Hock current president, served as Provost L. Rafael Reif under the first woman to work there.
Academic
MIT license and the great majority of records are in vocational programs in high regard, it is a research university. University MIT Fall semester, 4 weekly "Independent Activities Labor Day and then starting and running a 4-1-4 academic calendar ending in mid-December since 1929 Schools and Colleges period in January, has been accredited by the New England Association", and the spring semester early starting in February and ending in late May.
MIT students refer to both majors and classes using numbers or their foundations are numbered sequentially alone.departments about abbreviations and their corresponding majors; Linguistics and Philosophy Course collectively, the "Lesson 6" to describe themselves, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), section 24 of the most popular section of the students, for example, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Course 1. MIT students can use to determine the class assigned to the department's course number and the number-one issue; introductory math courses based on classical mechanics only "8:01" that MIT. [C]
Licensing Program
four years of full-time degree program in 2015 adopted a number of transfer students and applicants accepted 8.0%, maintains a balance between professional and arts and sciences majors and US by News "most selective" has been nicknamed cycle. MIT offers 44 bachelor's degrees in five schools. In the 2010-2011 academic year, 1,161 undergraduate science (abbreviated SB) degree, now he was given only such awards the MIT license. 2011 fall semester among students with great determination, Faculty of Engineering Science (29%), Faculty of School of Literature, followed by 63% of students in a 19 licensing program enrollment, was the most popular division of Arts and Social Sciences (3.7%), Management (% 3.3) Sloan School of Architecture and Planning (2%) school. Electrical Engineering of the largest degree programs and Computer Science (Lessons 6-2), Computer Science and Engineering (lessons 6-3), Mechanical Engineering (Course 2), Physics (Lesson 8) and Mathematics (Course 18), respectively.
Infinite Corridor is the primary passageway through campus that
All licenses General Institute Requirements (enter you) must complete a core curriculum called. Generally, as a prerequisite for science and engineering majors Need for Science classes completed in the first year, two semesters of physics, account for two semesters, chemistry and biology consists of a period of one semester. There are generally satisfied Laboratory Requirement by major class for a lesson. Humanities, arts and social sciences (Hassan) need at least a portion of the period, as well as Hassan department, including required courses for a specific concentration, humanities, arts and social sciences classes in the field consists of eight semesters. Communication Requirement, Hassan classes received two plus two classes determined in accordance important "communication-intensive," "oral presentations important instruction and practice" should be including. Finally, all students are required to complete a swim test; non-college athletes should take four quarters in physical education classes.
Most classes professors or graduate students, weekly problem sets ( "P-sets"), and the course managed by tests rely on a combination recitations. MIT course difficulty keeping up with the speed and "drinking from a fire hose, although compared with the" first-class retention rate at MIT are similar to other national research universities. "Pass / no-record" grading system will relieve some of the pressure for first year undergraduate students. Fall for each class taken during the passed first grade transcript or grade report, or in any other way it was that he was not just any record. While the last class in the spring semester will not be saved again without passing grades (A, B, C) appears on the transcript. (Scoring first "pass / no record" All had been the first year, but to avoid their first year student game the system by completing the required master classes have been changed for the 2006 Series. You can also choose to attend the first class alternative learning communities, Experimental Study Group, Concourse or Terrascop to as.
In 1969, Margaret MacVicar faculty and researchers with the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program to provide direct cooperation undergraduates (uropean) established. Students are required to attend or for academic credit ( "urops") to initiate research projects, via mailings or by contacting faculty members directly pay or as a volunteer in the uropean website. license is involved in a significant majority. Students often become published, file patent applications, and / or launch start-up companies based on their own experience urops.
In 1970, the Institute Relations, Benson R. Snyder then-Dean of the generally good level graduates with more frequent product and that the unwritten expectations, arguing that education at MIT who slighted in favor following a series of figuring out the system rather than a solid education Hidden Curriculum was published.
university rankings
university rankings
National
ARW 3
Forbes 10
US News & World Report 7
Washington Monthly 15
global
ARW 3
QS 1
5 Times
MIT universities rank among the top ten in many general (right) and students showed their preference based ranking. 1995 National Research Council report several years as the US News & World Report, QS World University Rankings and the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the first ranked MIT's School of Engineering. Outside engineering from MIT in the same list with a strong representation of the natural sciences in computer science, business, economics, linguistics, mathematics, and, to some degree, political science and philosophy.
In 2014, Money magazine, training, quality at an affordable price "most educational bang for the buck", factoring based on their evaluation, USA "Best College for Your Money" third MIT row and career results. 2014, Forbes magazine as a graduate student and co-founder of LinkedIn or business owners based on the percentage of self-identification, the second "The Entrepreneurial University" as MIT points. [204] In 2015, the Brookings Member Jonathan Rothwell "published a report" Beyond Voting College, with an estimated 45% in the US placing it third as MIT added mid-career salary.
Collaborations
Eero Saarinen's Kresge Auditorium (1955), is a classic example of post-war architecture
University historical academy, has pioneered research and training collaborations between industry and government. In 1946, President Compton, Harvard Business School professor Georges Doriot and the president of the Massachusetts Investors Trust, Merrill Grisswold American Research and Development Corporation, the first American venture capital company he founded. In 1948, Compton founded the MIT Industrial Liaison Program. particularly Japanese - - American businessman struggle had to compete with companies accused other universities contribute to a decline in the economy through funded research and technology transfer American politicians and businessmen of MIT and international taxpayers during the 1980s and 1990s. On the other hand, research projects in the federal government with MIT wide collaborative research funding and national science policy effective lobbying continued MIT in 1991, the Washington Office was established [e] several MIT leaders headed serving scientific consultants as well as since 1940 has led.
Justice Department began an investigation in 1989 and 1991 was done to prevent the alleged bid-year "overlap Meetings" during the price-fixing that MIT, eight Ivy League colleges and eleven wars over promising prospective students consuming funds for antitrust litigation need-based scholarships against other institutions . Ivy League institutions settled, though a large number of MIT students has enabled the availability of aid, arguing that because the anti-competitive practices, has denied the accusations. Justice Department dropped the case in 1994 when MIT ultimately prevailed.
Walker Memorial at MIT fourth president, Francis Amasa Walker is a monument
MIT's main campus is seen in Vassar Street. Great Dome and is visible from State Center on the right.
MIT's proximity to Harvard University [f] ( "the other school up the river"), such as Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and the Broad Institute as research collaborations have led to a significant number. In addition, two school students to their schools you can cross-register without any additional fees for credit toward the degree. cross-registration program between MIT and Wellesley College, also in existence since 1969 and 2002, the Cambridge-MIT Institute of MIT and began to license exchange program between the University of Cambridge. MIT, Boston University, Brandeis University, Tufts University, Massachusetts College of Art and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston has a more modest cross-registration program with the school.
MIT, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Whitehead maintains Bio Medical Research Institute and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as an important research organizations in the Boston area with independent research and educational ties. Ongoing international research and education collaboration Singapore-MIT Alliance, MIT-Politecnico di Milano, the MIT-Zaragoza International Logistics Program and the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MIS was) in other countries through the program is located on the project.
In addition, graduates of the mass-market magazines serving as a special edition of the journal Technology Review, published by MIT through a subsidiary. The MIT Press, pressing a key university of science and technology as well as key art, architecture, new media, which highlights current events and social issues over 200 book and magazine publishing 30 years.
Libraries, museums and collections
See also § Artwork Massachusetts Institute of Technology Campus
Barker (Engineering), Dewey (Economics), Hayden (Arts and Science), Lewis (Music), and Rotch (Art and Architecture): MIT library system consists of five subject libraries. There are also several specialized library and archives. libraries hold more than 2.9 million volumes, 2.4 million micro-forms, includes 49,000 print or electronic journal subscriptions and 670 reference databases. In ten years the library has seen an increasing focus on digital printing resources on past trends. Remarkable collection of 20th and 21st century music and electronic music, contemporary art exhibits rotating List Visual Arts Center and Compton Gallery's emphasis on interdisciplinary exhibitions Lewis Music Library. It allocates a percentage of all new construction and renovation budget to support the MIT-circuit and the wider public art and outdoor sculpture collection.
MIT Museum was established in 1971, it collects, preserves, and myths of the culture and history were important works are exhibited. Museums now annual Cambridge Science Festival, an important educational outreach programs for the general public in the United States, including the first such celebration is conducting. Since 2005, their official mission is to "MIT's science, technology and the best nation in the 21st century and the society at large in other areas of scholarship to serve the world is busy" has been.
Research
MIT was named the Association of American Universities and research activities in 1934 continued to be a research university at a very high level; Research spending federal Health and Human Services, the largest source of research supported by the Department, was given in 2009, $ 255.9 million was recorded as $ 718.2 million, the Ministry of Defense $ 97.5 million, the Energy Department $ 65.8 million from the National Science Foundation 61 400. $ 000, $ 27.4 million and NASA. MIT employs about 1,300 researchers in addition to faculty. In 2011, MIT faculty and researchers, 153 granted patents, won the 632 inventions described and received cash proceeds of $ 85,400,000 $ 69,600,000 copyright. multi-million dollar business ventures into the Deshpande Center at MIT education through programs such as leverage their research and inventions.
The GNU project and free software movement originated at MIT
electronic, magnetic core memory, radar, single electron transistors, and inertial guidance controls were invented or substantially developed by MIT researchers. Harold Eugene Edgerton was a pioneer in high-speed photography and sonar. Claude is very sophisticated and digital circuit design theory of modern information theory E. Shannon discovered Boolean logic applications. MIT faculty and researchers cybernetic fundamental contributions in the field of computer science, artificial intelligence, computer languages, machine learning, robotics and made cryptography. Turing Award winner at least nine and engineering Draper Prize recipients or been associated with currently seven MIT.
Current and former subatomic physics teaching and mainly eight Nobel Prize for his contributions to quantum theory, has won four Dirac Medals, and three Wolf Prize. three Nobel prize for the discovery of new methods of synthesis and a member of the Department of Chemistry and was awarded a Wolf Prize. MIT biologists, genetics, immunology, oncology and molecular biology was awarded six Nobel Prize for their contributions. Professor Eric Lander was one of the principal leaders of the Human Genome Project. Positronium atom, synthetic penicillins, synthetic self-replicating molecules, and Huntington's disease (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), genetic basis for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was first discovered at MIT. Jerome Lettv the "frog's eye tells the frog's brain" What has transformed the study of cognitive science with his paper.
humanities, arts and social sciences, MIT economists and five Nobel prize was awarded nine John Bates Clark Medals. Linguist Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle productive on grammar and phonology wrote the text. Within the Institute of Architecture and Planning was established in 1985 and known for its unconventional research at MIT Media Lab, makers such as effective educator and Logo creator Seymour Papert, researchers were hosted.
Covering most of the above areas, MacArthur friend (so-called "Genius Grants") was given to 38 people associated with MIT. Four Pulitzer Prize-winning author currently working or retired from MIT. [265] four current or former faculty member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Research tasks have received significant press coverage of alleged abuse or corruption. Professor David Baltimore, Nobel laureate since a ballistic including Lincoln abuse potential research Lab facility whitewash attempt in 2000 MIT administration was accused in 1991 Professor Ted Postol in Congress that led to the trial was confused abuse investigation that began in 1986, the missile defense test substance into a final even if the investigation is not complete. Professor Luk Van Parijs dismissed the allegations of scientific misconduct in 2005 and 2009, the following researchers MRI 3D physical models has developed a system to convert scans into printed Research Integrity of the United States was found guilty by the same office.
Traditions and student activities
Main ingredients: MIT and the MIT class ring Traditions and student activities
See also: Popular culture MIT
faculty and student body places a high value meritocracy and technical proficiency. MIT has never awarded an honorary degree, nor award athletic scholarships, ad eunde makes Latin honors degree or post graduation. However, MIT has awarded honorary professorship times: in 1949, Winston Churchill and Salman Rushdie in 1993.
Many upperclass students and graduates "Brass Rat" is known as a big, heavy, distinctive class ring to wear. Originally created in 1929, the official name of the public "Standard Technology Ring" is. Undergraduate ring design (there is a separate graduate student version) this class MIT experience varies slightly from year to year to reflect the unique character, but always with the MIT seal and the class year, has a three-piece design that surrounds an image of large rectangular frames each carrying a beaver He is appearing on a separate face. and other variations "This Penguins, it is difficult to fondle" informal school motto "I hate this fucking place" and playful Institute Finest Professor Hasan "" I'm really, is Paradise Found "represents euphemized as initialism IHTFP," sometimes in the student culture historical importance given It has been featured in the ring.
activities
Main article: Traditions and student activities at MIT
See also: Hacks at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MIT Mystery Hunt starting in 2007
MIT campus radio station, The Tech student newspaper, an annual entrepreneurship competition, and weekly screenings of popular films by the Lecture Series Committee has more than 500 recognized student activity groups, including. Less traditional activities in English, model railroad club, "the world's largest open-shelf collection of science fiction", and vibrant folk dance scene takes place. Students, faculty and staff MIT Museum, through Edgerton Center, and MIT Public Service Center is located on 50 social and public service training programs.
Independent Activities Period during fall and spring semesters between January optional classes, lectures, demonstrations and other events in four weeks, offering hundreds of "term" is. Some of the most popular recurring IAP activities of 6.270, 6.370 and Mas Lab competitions, the annual "mystery hunt", and Charm School there. 250 more than the company of students pursuing internships each year in the United States and abroad.
Many MIT students also generally prohibited (such as rooftops and steam tunnels) physical exploration in the area, including both detailed as well as jokes, which "hacking" busy. Recent high-profile hack a Wright Flyer atop the Great Dome of the Master Chief Helmet Mjolnir again and adorning the John Harvard statue, we have included the abduction of Caltech's cannon.
Athletics
Main article: MIT Engineers
Zesiger sports and fitness center as well as a two-story fitness center, swimming and diving pool houses
MIT has 31 varsity sports sponsorship and is one of three large NCAA Division III athletic programs. MIT NCAA's Section III, the New England Women's and Athletic Conference, the New England Football Conference, the men joined LaCrosse Pilgrim League, NCAA Women's Rowing Colleges Part I for the Eastern Association women's crew (EAWRC) and Collegiate Water Men's water polo Polo Association (CWPA ). Men's crew Rowing Colleges NCAA East Union (EARC) competing outside. In April 2009, budget cuts at MIT mixed men and alpine skiing and pistol 41 sports, including women's teams way eliminating eight; ice hockey and gymnastics teams for men and women separately; and men's golf and wrestling programs.
People
Students
MIT student body demographics
Graduate
40.8% American, 34% White
9.4% Asian American 30%
Hispanic American% 15 3.3%
African-American 10% 2.1%
Indians 1.0% 0.4%
Other / 8% International 44.0%
4384 6510 MIT undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in 2011-2012. Women accounted for 45 percent of graduate students. Undergraduate and graduate students drawn from all 50 states as well as 115 foreign countries.
2015 MIT license application for admission is made of 17 909 Class; 1742 was admitted (9.7 percent) and 1128 (64.8 percent) received. 19446 applications received for undergraduate and advanced degree programs across all departments; It was adopted in 2991 (15.4 percent) and registered in 1880 (62.8 percent).
SAT interquartile range 2090-2340 and 97 percent of high school students were in the top tenth of graduates. Class of 2012 returned 97 percent in the second grade students; 2007 Class graduates and 82 percent of 93 percent over 4 years (91 percent of men and 95 percent women) graduated within 6 years.
Undergraduate tuition and fees total $ 40,732 and annual costs of federal, state, institutional and average $ 38,964 per student need-based scholarships and grants from external sources in the form it is estimated that in 2012 62 52 507 students received financial aid as a percentage $. Students are primarily institutional support ($ 84 million), the total number of scholarships and grants were given $ 102 million. annual increase in costs of tongue-in-cheek "learning riots" in (dating back to the 1960s) led to a student tradition.
MIT also specializing in sanitary chemistry, MIT's first female faculty member in 1870 was Ellen Swallow Richards, Richards has been adopted since the so-called blended learning. Schoolgirls in 1963. Between 1993 and 2009, the proportion of women licenses rose 34 percent, 45 percent and 20 percent to 31 percent, women's dormitory, McCormick Hall first wing student graduates remained a minority before completion. Women currently Biology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Architecture, Urban Planning, and Biological Engineering man of the majority.
A number of student deaths in the late 1990s and 2000s to MIT's culture and student life resulted in significant media attention. Phi Gamma Delta fraternity as a new member in September 1997 after the death of Scott Krueger about alcohol, began requiring all freshmen to live according to MIT dormitory system. MIT undergraduate Elizabeth Shin drew attention to suicides at MIT and MIT suicide in 2000 has created a debate over which is not unusual with high suicide rates. In late 2001 the task force recommended improvements in student mental health services, including the working hours of staff and expanding mental health center was implemented. They sought in loco parentis and neglect because of this and subsequent cases to prove the liability of university administrators were also significant.
Faculty and staff
Main article: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Faculty List
Institute Professors Emeriti and Nobel Laureates (now deceased), Franco Modigliani, Paul Samuelson (also deceased) and Robert Solow (The picture taken in 2000) (left to right)
As of 2013, there were 1030 MIT faculty members, including 225 women. [3] School, classroom courses for undergraduate and graduate students are responsible for original research as well as consulting and sitting on academic committees. Between 1964 and 2009, a total of seven faculty and staff affiliated with MIT Nobel Prize (three on the last 25 years) were given. MIT faculty members past or present twenty-seven Nobel Prize in Economics or Physics has won a total majority. As of October 2013, between the existing faculty and staff, 67 Guggenheim Fellows, 6 Fulbright Scholars, and 22 MacArthur are Fellows. In [3] in the field of research as well as their faculty members have made outstanding contributions to the community MIT Institute Professor appointments for the rest of their tenures.
Although controversial MIT study methods studies systemic bias against female faculty in 1998, he has had to conclude that the School of Science. Despite allegations of sexism continue to be made to work since, and the scope of the MIT School of Science and Engineering, though, women headed departments, several women were appointed deputy president. Susan Hock area, a molecular biologist neuro 2004 to 2012 and was president of MIT was the first woman to task.
Tenure results vaulted MIT into the national spotlight on several occasions. David F. Noble, a historian of technology, a few that work in 1984 books and articles, was MIT most critical and reason about the scope after the publication of the confidence of other research universities on the financial support of the company célèbre which is given to the academic freedom of speech and the military. Former materials science professor Gretchen Kalonji he was denied tenure because of sexual discrimination claims filed lawsuits MIT in 1994. A few years later, the case was settled with an undisclosed payment for faculty positions and to seek the establishment of a project to promote women and minorities. In 1997, the Anti-Discrimination Massachusetts Commission for mutual tenure did not offer him Urban after the senior faculty search committee Studies and Planning Department apartheid UMass Boston Professor James Jennings issued a probable cause finding supporting their claims. [330] In 2006 -2007, African-American stem cell scientist professor James Sherley for the task MIT disclaimer at the end of administration, a brief hunger for more than a public dispute leading to the strike and Professor Frank L. resignation, reignited protests Douglas accusations of racism in the job process. The Boston Globe April Simpson reported on February 6, 2007: "MIT half of young faculty members Sherley initial mandate was rejected after college, what case before the established racial discrimination nor conflict least given the mandate was examined three times. Influenced the interest rate decision. Professor from twenty-one Sherley colleague duty investigation issued a statement yesterday saying that fair treatment. "
MIT faculty members have often been recruited to lead other colleges and universities. Founding faculty member Charles W. Eliot, president of Harvard University to become American higher education and secondary education in 1869 as well as during a post he wielded considerable influence to do for 40 years, was hired. MIT graduates and faculty of George Ellery Hale California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has played a central role in development, and other faculty members in nearby Needham, Massachusetts Engineering Franklin W. Olin College has been the key founders.
2014, former provost Robert A. Brown, president of Boston University; Former Provost Mark Wrighton is the rector of the University of Washington in St. Louis; Provost Alice Gast is president of Lehigh University, former partners; Suh Nam-pyo is a professor and former president of KAIST. Former dean of the School of Science Robert J. Birgenea rector of the University of California, Berkeley, was (2004-2013); former professor John Maeda Rhode Island School of Design (RISD, 2008-2013) was president; Was a former professor David Baltimore of Caltech president (1997-2006); and MIT graduate and former professor Hans Mark the University of Texas system (1984-1992) and served as chancellor.
In addition, the faculty has been hired to lead public institutions; For example, former professor Marcia McNutt, a professor of urban studies Xavier de Souza Briggs remains of Management and Budget and biology professor Eric Lander White House Office co-directed by Academy president of National Sciences, a co-chair of Science and Technology Advisors Presidential Council. In 2013, faculty members Ernest Moniz nominated by President Obama and the United States later confirmed as Secretary of Energy. Former professor Hans Mark Alumni and Institute Professor Sheila Widnall lead the first female Secretary of her Air Force and the first woman made in 1993 and served as Secretary of the Air Force from 1997 1981 1979 Air Force Secretary, he served as all branches of the US military in the Ministry of Defense.
Based on feedback from employees, the MIT work-life balance tilt specifying an "intelligent", "creative", "friends" showed a medium 2013 study among US colleges and universities, ranked 7th as a place to work "a powerful business morality "is true, but" low wages "complaint.
Alumni
Main article: List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
MIT 120,000 graduates in many scientific research, public service, education and work had achieved considerable success. 2014, 27 Nobel Prize MIT graduates, 47 have been selected as Rhodes Scholars, and won 61 have been selected as Marshall Scholars.
American politics and Alumni former Federal Reserve in the public service I Chairman Bernanke, former MA-1 Representative John Olver, the former CA-13 Representative Pete Stark, Lawrence former National Economic Council Chairman H. Summers and Economic Advisors chairwoman including former Council of Christina Romer. international politics at MIT alumni Iran Salehi, Foreign Minister, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Colombia Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of the European Central Bank Mario Draghi, former British Foreign India Raghuram Rajan Reserve Bank President President included Minister David Miliband, former Greek Prime Minister Lukas Papadimos'un former UN General Kofi Annan, former Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad Chalabi.
MIT alumni founded or Intel, McDonnell Douglas, Texas Instruments, 3Com, Qualcomm, Bose, Raytheon, Koch Industries, Rockwell International, Genentech, and Campbell Soup many important founders as Dropbox. According to the British newspaper, The Guardian, "living MIT alumni survey them in Silicon Valley were formed more than three million people employed 25,800 companies, including nearly a quarter of the workforce. These carriers collectively about $ 1.9 global revenue MIT country if they had trillion (£ 1.2 trillion) a year., that no nation will have the highest GDP in the world 11. "
leading California system, the University of institutions of higher learning, Harvard University, Technology New York Institute at Johns Hopkins University, Carnegie Mellon University, Tufts University, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rhode Island School of Design (including is managed by MIT graduate of RISD), Northeastern University, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Purdue University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, KAIST and Quaid-e-Azam University. Berklee College of Music, the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world was founded and run by MIT graduate Lawrence Berk for more than three years.
US manned space travels have included more of the MIT-educated astronauts from one in three (among them Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin), United States more than any university excluding the service academies. Alumnus and former faculty member of the influential Qian Xuesen PRC rocket program.
Noted in non-scientific graduates author Hugh Lofting, sculptor Daniel Chester French, the group Boston guitarist Tom Scholz, including the British BBC and ITN journalist and political adviser David Walter, The New York Times columnist and Nobel Prize winning economist Paul Krugman, The Bell Curve author Charles Murray, United States Supreme Court building architect Cass Gilbert, Pritzker Prize-winning architect IM Pei and Gordon Bunshaft
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